Which function of management focuses on setting goals and defining actions to achieve them?

The correct answer, which focuses on setting goals and defining the actions necessary to achieve them, is planning. This function of management involves identifying an organization's objectives and determining the best strategies and tactics to reach those goals. By engaging in the planning process, managers assess the current situation, forecast future conditions, and establish a clear direction for the organization's efforts.

Planning is critical because it creates a roadmap for the organization, enabling teams to work systematically towards common objectives. This function requires a thorough analysis of potential challenges and opportunities, which helps in allocating resources effectively and ensuring that all parts of the organization are aligned with the overall mission.

While controlling involves monitoring progress toward goals and making necessary adjustments, organizing relates to arranging resources and tasks to implement plans. Leading is about motivating and guiding individuals or teams to work towards the organization's goals. Each of these functions is important in the management process, but planning specifically emphasizes goal-setting and action determination, making it the focal point of developing a successful strategy.